mezinárodní veletrh
IFAT ENTSORGA
13. – 17.9.2010, Munich
IWA World Water Congress and Exhibition
19. – 24.9.2010, Montréal, Canada
X. ročník konference a výstavy
Městské vody 2010
30.9. - 1.10.2010, Velké Bílovice
6. bienální konference
Odpadové vody 2010
20. – 22. 10. 2010, Štrbské Pleso
Sborníky
Odpadní vody - Wastewater 2009
Výsledky soutěže o cenu předsedy AČE ČR za nejlepší posterové sdělení na
8. mezinárodní bienální konferenci, Plzeň, 5. – 7. 5. 2009
APLIKOVANÁ VĚDA, TECHNOLOGIE A INŽENÝRSTVÍ
1. místo
Bareš V., Sýkora P., Stránský D.
Stanovení podílu balastních vod na základě směšovacího modelu CHSK v pražské stokové síti
2. místo
Parravicini V., Svardal K., Kroiss H.
COD and nitrogen removal during aeration of anaerobically digested sewage sludge: Experiences at large-scale
3. místo
Lederer T., Novák L., Křiklavová L.
Provozní zkušenosti s první aplikací MBBR technologie v ČR při čištění průmyslových odpadních vod na CHBČOV Draslovka Kolín
VÝZKUM A VÝVOJ
1. místo
Koubová J., Keclík F., Jeníček P.
Vliv mikroaerace na methanogenní aktivitu anaerobní biomasy
2. místo
Galbová K., Pagáčová P., Jonatová I.
Anaerobna granulovana biomasa z IC reaktora ako inokulum pre denitrifikacne USB reaktory
3. místo
Blšťáková A., Sedláček S., Matulová Z., Bodík I., Plotěný K.
Regenerácia membránových modulov
Odpadní vody - Wastewater 2007
přehled přednášek a oceněných posterových sdělení
1. DEN, 18. ZÁŘÍ 2007, PLENÁRNÍ SEKCE – HALA A
Wanner J., Novák L., Kos M., Parker D. S. (CZ, USA)
Příklady aplikace metody bioaugmentace nitrifikace in-situ v aktivačních čistírnách odpadních vod abstract
Dolejš M., Záhrobský D. (CZ)
Protipovodňová ochrana pražské stokové sítě abstract
Kern U. (D)
Perspectives for the implementation of the combined approach on the Lower Erft River, Germany abstract
Kroiss H. (A)
Municipal sludge disposal problems in selected European countries and existing and future EU approaches to the solution of sludge problem abstract
Raszka A., Surmacz-Górska J. (PL)
EPS (extracellular polymeric substances) production of activated sludge treating wastewater with high ammonia concentrations abstract
Svojitka J., Koller M., Pečenka M., Wanner J. (CZ)
Látková bilance a matematický model aktivačního procesu s biologickým odstraňováním dusíku abstract
Ertl T., Kretschmer F., Prohaska G., Telegdy T. (A)
Implementation of new CSO standards in Austria – a case study abstract
Adam J. (IR)
Thermal hydrolysis process operational experience abstract
Jeníček P., Vondrysová J., Pokorná D. (CZ)
Redukce, modifikace a valorizace čistírenských kalů abstract
Radavelli P. L. (I)
Oxygen application for the cleaning of waste water abstract
Bank S., Auer B., Hagemann J. (A, D)
Prevention of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) forming in sewer systems with VTA Dolomin coupled with an intelligent measurement and control technology abstract
2. DEN, 19. ZÁŘÍ 2007, SPECIALIZOVANÉ SEKCE – HALA A
Vítek J. (CZ)
Vyhodnocení projektu RainDROP, aneb co z něj vyplývá pro hospodaření s dešťovou vodou v ČR abstract
Kříž K., Pollert J., Stránský D., Bareš V. (CZ)
Vliv poddolování na hydraulickou funkci stokové sítě abstract
Hlavínek P., Prax P., Hluštík P., Sklenárová T., Kubík J., Dvořáková D. (CZ)
Hospodaření s dešťovými vodami v době nastupujícího globálního oteplování abstract
Belica P., Michniaková B., Drahovská D., Lábska I., Šumná J. (SK)
Záväzky SR v sektore verejných kanalizácií – skutočnosť a požiadavky (nedodáno do sborníku)
Brtník Z., Habánek P., Letko J., Švadlenka V., Táborský L. (CZ, SK
Porovnání ČOV s oběhovou aktivací v konfiguraci s primární sedimentací a bez primární sedimentace abstract
Fuka J., Kos M., Blahák J. (CZ)
Zdroje vzduchu velkých ČOV – unikátní výměna turbodmychadel na ÚČOV Praha abstract
Baudišová D., Benáková A., Kučera J. (CZ)
Mikrobiologické analýzy odpadních vod a eliminace mikrobiálního znečištění biologickým čištěním abstract
Srb M., Wanner J., Pečenka M., Kočárník M., Vejmelková D., Kollár M., Matuška P. (CZ)
Aplikace on-line měření na ČOV Žatec – cesta k efektivnějšímu odstraňování dusíkatého znečištění abstract
Blšťáková A., Dančová L., Pagáčová P., Bodík I., Drtil M. (SK)
Skúsenosti s využitím g-fázy ako externého substrátu pre denitrifikáciu abstract
2. DEN, 19. ZÁŘÍ 2007, SPECIALIZOVANÉ SEKCE – HALA B
Kollár M., Srb M. (SK, CZ)
Východiská pre použitie online analyzátorov jednotlivých foriem dusíka pre riadenie procesov ČOV abstract
Kučera J., Wanner F. (CZ)
Vzorkování odtoku z čistíren s přerušovaným provozem abstract
Novák L., Šorm R. (CZ)
Matematické modelování nekonvenčních procesů biologického čištění odpadních vod abstract
Pokorná E., Postelmans N., Jeníček P., Reggers G., Carleer R., Schreurs S., Yperman J. (CZ, B)
Flash pyrolysis of sewage sludge abstract
Chudoba P., Rosenbergová R. (CZ)
Využití obnovitelných zdrojů energie v čistírenství – příklad solární sušárny kalů Solia® abstract
Buček B., Dědek K., Sojka J. (CZ)
Využití čistírenských kalů pro výrobu směsných zeminových substrátů (nedodáno do sborníku)
Švehla P., Jeníček P., Zábranská J. Dohányos M., Habart J. (CZ)
Technologické varianty odděleného čištění kalové vody postupem nitritace/denitritace abstract
Vodička O., Zábranská J. (CZ)
Možnosti minimalizace sulfanu v bioplynu a vliv mikroaerace na anaerobní suspenzní kulturu abstract
Foller J., Jelínek J., Miklánková J. (CZ)
Hygienizace a stabilizace čistírenských kalů čistým kyslíkem – zkušenosti z ročního provozu ČOV Tetčice abstract
2. DEN, 19. ZÁŘÍ 2007, SPECIALIZOVANÉ SEKCE – HALA C
Chorvátová M., Dvořáková M., Pečenka M., Růžičková I. (CZ)
Provoz malé ČOV s membránovou separací aktivovaného kalu abstract
Klepárník V., Valenta J., Svoboda J. (CZ)
Konstruování kruhových nádrží pro komunální ČOV abstract
Horecký P., Mouroux P. (CZ, F)
MBR – applications on the food industry wastewaters abstract
Hartig K., Šilhavý P., Tichý V. (CZ)
Návrh, realizace a vyhodnocení zkušebního provozu ČOV Toyota Kolín abstract
Malá J., Malý J., Široký P., Šamal O. (CZ)
Odpadní voda z výroby bionafty jako alternativní zdroj uhlíku při odstraňování dusíku z kalové vody abstract
Drtil M., Blšťáková A., Pagáčová P., Galbová K. (SK)
Laboratórne overenie čistenia odpadových vôd z výroby želatiny abstract
Rusník I., Rudolfová R., Husák P. (CZ)
ČOV Krucemburk po optimalizaci abstract
Šťastný V., Pospíšilová E., Schönbauerová L. (CZ)
Ověřování vlivu aplikace drtičů kuchyňských odpadů na provoz a funkci ČOV abstract
Plotěný K., Holba M., Solvi I. (CZ, N)
SFT filtr – jako základ nového uspořádání ČOV abstract
VÍTĚZNÉ POSTERY
Dvořáková M., Chorvátová M., Bindzar J., Pečenka M., Růžičková I., Kalivodová E.
Vliv poddolování na hydraulickou funkci stokové sítě abstract
Beránková D., Brtníková H., Kupec J., Mlejnková H., Huzlík J.
Znečištění srážkových vod odtékajících z dálniční sítě abstract
Mlejnská E., Wanner F.
Porovnání čisticího účinku zemního filtru a kořenové čistírny abstract
Wernerová J., Ďurišová J., Hokrová L., Růžičková I., Pečenka M.
Vliv dezintegrace vláknitých struktur na sedimentační vlastnosti aktivovaného kalu abstract
Bezděková E., Říhová Ambrožová J.
Způsoby izolace DNA pomocí PCR z čistírenských kalů abstract
Vejmelková D., Stryjová H., Benáková A., Wanner J.
Identifikace nitrifikačních bakterií v aktivovaném kalu abstract
ABSTRACTY PŘÍSPĚVKŮ
Odpadní vody - Wastewater 2007
přehled přednášek a oceněných posterových sdělení
1. DEN, 18. ZÁŘÍ 2007, PLENÁRNÍ SEKCE – HALA A
Wanner J., Novák L., Kos M., Parker D. S. (CZ, USA)
Příklady aplikace metody bioaugmentace nitrifikace in-situ v aktivačních čistírnách odpadních vod
Stable nitrification in nutrient removal activated sludge plants is one of the prerequisites for meeting the requirements of modern EU legislation for wastewater discharge. There have been several attempts how to stabilize the population of nitrification bacteria in activated sludge. This paper describes briefly the original Czech technique of in-situ bioaugmentation of nitrification in activated sludge systems with regeneration of return sludge. Ammonia from reject water is used as a substrate for the growth of nitrification bacteria. The paper summarizes the information on current activated sludge plants in the Czech Republic employing the method and gives three examples of the solution in the Czech Republic and one example from the USA. The operational experience gained so far shows a great potential of the method for solving problems with nitrification stability even in complicated cases, e.g., in treatment of high-strength municipal wastewater with a high fraction of industrial wastewaters. The method of in-situ bioaugmentation of nitrification is today in such a stage of understanding that it can be routinely designed and operated by using the know-how of the authors of the method.
Protipovodňová ochrana pražské stokové sítě
This paper describes the flood protection system of Prague sewer system. In 1997, the City of Prague made a decision to initiate the implementation of a flood protection system on both banks of the Vltava River along the entire length of the city. The flood-protection system based on a combination of permanent elements (dykes, walls, etc.) and a portable barrier was selected for the implementation. The measures on the sewer system are focused on prevention against backwater effect from the river (sluice gates, flap valves) and pumping of waste water out of the drainage system. Two pumping technologies are used, submersible and mobile vacuum assisted pumps. The implementation of the flood protection system was divided into eight stages protecting different districts of Prague. Phase 0001 Old Town and Josefov was finished in 2000. The stages 0002 - Lesser Town and Kampa, 0003 - Karlin and Liben, 0004 - Holesovice, Stromovka, 0005 - Vyton, Podoli and Smichov and 0008 - Modrany were completed before the year 2006. The construction of remaining stages 0006 - Zbraslav, Radotin and 0007 - Troja should be prepared to commence this year. Phase 0009 is to solve the functionality of the sewer system during the flood situation of the Vltava River and a simultaneous rain event on the protected area of the capital. The total capital cost of the construction of the flood protection system is estimated at 3,24 billion CZK (approx. 116 million EUR) from which 2,01 billion CZK (71,8 million EUR) was invested up to the end of 2006.
Perspectives for the implementation of the combined approach on the Lower Erft River, Germany
At present Europe is facing the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) with its overall goal of achieving good status for water bodies by the end of 2015. Most EU countries are not experienced with the WFD combined approach to pollution control, which consists of both emission control and environmental quality standards (EQS). In the medium-sized catchment of the Erft river, Germany, waste water treatment plants (WWTP) are already upgraded and fulfil the requirements of the European Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive. However, riverine EQS are not satisfied for nutrients and future deterioration is expected when lignite mining will phase out in 2045. Further upgrade of WWTP offers only limited scope for improvement at considerable cost. Hence, further measures to improve surface water quality should focus on non-point sources of pollution.
Municipal sludge disposal problems in selected European countries and existing and future EU approaches to the solution of sludge problem
According to the European legislation (UWWD 91/271) all communities with more than 2000 inhabitants will have to be severed with sewer systems and waste water treatment plant. Irrespective of the treatment efficiency requirements waste water treatment results in a yearly sludge production per inhabitant in a range of 10 to 40 kg dry solids per year. Assuming that in EU about 400 Mio inhabitants will have to be connected to treatment plants this results in a yearly load of about 10-15 Mio tonnes of dry solids which will have to be disposed from municipal plants. The actual main disposal routes for sewage sludge are: agricultural use, land application for recultivation (composting, soil production), co-incineration in cement factories or coal fired power stations, mono-incineration with ash disposal landfill disposal of dewatered sludge. The discussion on the best technical solutions concentrates on economy, ecology and risk. The economic relevance is dominant at the treatment plants as sludge treatment and disposal can cause up to 50% of the operating and maybe about 40% of the total annual costs for waste water treatment. The influence of these costs on the total waste water service fees is only in the range of about 10%. The debate on ecology and risk oscillates between giving priority to recycling of valuable sludge compounds (nutrients, organic matter) and removing the hazardous sludge compounds from the environment by ultimate disposal after inertisation. From the analysis of the actual situation in Europe it can be concluded that a great variety of technical and organisational options has been applied which indicates that the specific local situation plays a dominant role in selecting the best economical and ecological sludge disposal method.
Raszka A., Surmacz-Górska J. (PL)
EPS (extracellular polymeric substances) production of activated sludge treating wastewater with high ammonia concentrations
The aim of the study was to find out the intensity of EPS production and its composition during nitrification of high ammonia concentrations. Four lab-scale membrane bioreactors were operated on similar nitrogen and organic load conditions but different sludge age. One additional (fifth) reactor was operated on few times lower nitrogen load and served as a reference system. Samples of activated sludge were taken every two weeks of app. 9 months long experiment, both during un-steady and steady-state conditions. Proteins, saccharide, humic substances, DNA and TOC were measured in an activated sludge extract. The obtained results showed that proportions of analyzed constituents are similar in every case but the total EPS amount is different. Both in the high and lower ammonia loaded systems the domain part of EPS were proteins (52 – 64%), subsequently saccharide (25 – 30%), humic substances and DNA (together 10 – 23%). The total amount of EPS was calculated as a sum of measured EPS constituents (proteins, saccharide, humic substances and DNA) in mg per g VSS. The total EPS amount in the high ammonia load systems was included in a range of 112 – 150 mg EPS/g VSS while in the reference reactor was much lower and amounted to 80 mg EPS/g VSS. Concurrently the FISH analysis of nitrifiers confirmed that the percentage of nitrifiers among Eubacteria is lowest in the lower ammonia loaded reactor. It could be concluded that nitrifiers are able to produce more EPS in a stronger ammonia load conditions, however it has to be also mentioned that among nitrifying bacteria also filaments bacteria were identified in the systems. There were other filaments types in the higher ammonia loaded systems then in the reference system. As it is known that filaments bacteria also have ability to produce EPS we can not distinguish if the excess of EPS in the higher ammonia loaded systems is originated from nitrifying or filaments bacteria.
Svojitka J., Koller M., Pečenka M., Wanner J. (CZ)
Látková bilance a matematický model aktivačního procesu s biologickým odstraňováním dusíku
A mass balance of nitrogen species in a bioreactor of a large wastewater treatment plant was established. The conversions that can be attributed to nitrification, denitrification and incorporation were calculated for each part of the activated sludge system R-D-N: regeneration tanks, denitrification, nitrification and secondary clarifiers.The mathematical model (ASM1) was performed in program GPS-X. Results obtained by mathematical modelling were compared with the mass balance. The results show good accordance of the mathematical model and the real data.
Ertl T., Kretschmer F., Prohaska G., Telegdy T. (A)
Implementation of new CSO standards in Austria – a case study
For CSO discharges the minimum requirements in Austria will be defined in the near future as percentage of the annual ammonium and suspended solids load contained in storm water runoff that has to be treated biologically in waste water treatment plants. The effect of the whole CSO concept in a sewer network has to be proved by a combination of hydrological modelling techniques together with simplified pollution load calculations. The first step of the project team has been the surveying of the CSOs and investigating catchments data. The next step has been the selection of the relevant measuring sites for the approval of the modelling. Because of the high number of 41 CSOs a reduction to an affordable number has been necessary. A coarse hydrological modelling has been carried out to limit the relevant sites. Additionally a hydraulic assessment has been made and relevant indicators as the drainage area, forwarded storm water capacity to the WWTP and the general appropriateness for monitoring have been weighted for the selection of finally 8 CSOs. It can be said that the 5 months measuring campaign provided useful information for a better understanding the sewerage system behaviour and its interactions with the catchment area after carrying out an extensive data processing and evaluation. Several rainfall events could be recorded as well as some overflow events at monitored CSOs. As a conclusion it can be stated that the results obtained meet the requirements for model calibration according to the upcoming new standard. Because only 8 out of the 41 CSOs had been monitored the calibration procedure has to be done by an additional step with a detailed hydrodynamic model for the main sewer. In the meanwhile the modelling has been done for the present situation, but not for future scenarios. First calculations with the model result in rather less storage volume than the former standard required. The final results of the study will be available not until October 2007.
Thermal hydrolysis process operational experience
Celtic Anglian Water is a leading water/wastewater services provider in Ireland operating Dublin’s Ringsend WwTW designed for PE of 1.7 million. The plant went through large scale upgrade from old fashioned primary treatment to modern secondary, tertiary and sludge treatment plant in the beginning of the century. Due to space constrains several technologies minimizing space requirements were chosen. SBR reactors were built in two levels to minimize biological treatment footprint and Thermal Hydrolysis was chosen for sludge treatment prior anaerobic digestion.
Jeníček P., Vondrysová J., Pokorná D. (CZ)
Redukce, modifikace a valorizace čistírenských kalů
It is well known, that sludge production at wastewater treatment is increasing significantly and sludge handling accounts for up to 50 % of total operating cost. It is reason for new solution demand, based on minimization of final sludge amount and on valorization of sludge. Sludge produced at wastewater treatment starts to be not only the waste but mainly the secondary source of valuable resources. Therefore the research in the field of sludge reuse is very active last years. The paper introduces EU project REMOVALS focused on reduction, modification and valorisation of sludge.
Oxygen application for the cleaning of waste water
Pure oxygen systems are widely diffused both in domestic than industrial waste water treatment plants. Typical application are in biological oxidation where it is possible to manage very high volumetric organic loads, also two to three times bigger than with traditional air-based systems, with low requirement for energetic costs to dissolve oxygen and no aerosols production. Existing WWTPs can be upgraded with low capital costs and no needs for new basins. Very interesting are the applications in plants seasonal variations of inlet organic load, such as in touristic towns. Pure oxygen can also be applied in aerobic digestion to reduce excess sludge and to produce ozone for disinfection or water tertiary treatment.
Bank S., Auer B., Hagemann J. (A, D)
Prevention of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) forming in sewer systems with VTA Dolomin coupled with an intelligent measurement and control technology
High concentrations of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in sewer systems increasingly cause troubles with bad odour and corrosion. Complaints by residents due to smell nuisance, high maintenance and repair costs of the sewer pipes and health hazard for workers considerably affect the operators of sewer systems. The addition of the nitrate-containing product VTA-Dolomin is proven to be a successful method for preventing the formation of H2S. Since the effectiveness of the method is based on the maintenance of anoxic conditions in the sewer pipes, it also prevents the formation of other odorous substances. Additionally the contribution of Magnesium and Calcium shows a positive effect on the sewage quality. The dosing of the product is processed by an intelligent measurement and control technology that allows the adjustment of dosage on given requirements as well as a continuous control of the application. The purpose of this technology is to avoid an overdosing and to minimise the required product quantity.
2. DEN, 19. ZÁŘÍ 2007, SPECIALIZOVANÉ SEKCE – HALA A
Vyhodnocení projektu RainDROP, aneb co z něj vyplývá pro hospodaření s dešťovou vodou v ČR
In economically developed countries approach to stormwater in urban areas has dramatically changed and basic principles of stormwater management have been set. Throughout the last fifteen years SWM in Western Europe has become a key criterion for urban drainage of today and tomorrow. The EU started the RainDrop project to promote and encourage the use of these innovative drainage principles in East and South European countries. Within the project five partner cities tackled their drainage problems by means of SWM and developed a quideline for SWM principles integration into master planning documentations.
Kříž K., Pollert J., Stránský D., Bareš V. (CZ)
Vliv poddolování na hydraulickou funkci stokové sítě
A design, construction and operation of a sewer system located in undermined area request a special approach. A rainfall-runoff process modelling, often used for decision making, has to take into account specifics of such catchments as well. There are several factors whose importance is promoted by ground subsidence and consequent structural changes of sewer system. A change of hydraulic loss, an existence of hidden dead volumes and infiltration into the system are studied in the paper. As an experimental catchment Horni Sucha community located in Ostrava-Karvina mining region was chosen. Activities undertaken show that studied sewer system is continuously and quickly deteriorating even decades after mining termination. Structural defects cause increasing hydraulic losses and decreasing hydraulic capacity of the system. Huge amount of infiltrated water can be expected with consequence in further decrease of system hydraulic capacity. Dead volumes are difficult to find, but they are essential for a proper calibration of the rainfall-runoff model.
Hlavínek P., Prax P., Hluštík P., Sklenárová T., Kubík J., Dvořáková D. (CZ)
Hospodaření s dešťovými vodami v době nastupujícího globálního oteplování
Příspěvek pojednává o hospodaření s dešťovými vodami v urbanizovaném území v době nastupujícího globálního oteplování. Globální oteplování přináší pokles srážkových úhrnů, zatímco četnost a intenzita přívalových srážek vzrůstá. Z toho vyplívá nárůst četnosti suchých období. Předpokládá se že dosavadní stoleté povodně a stoletá sucha se budou vyskytovat s periodicitou 10-50 let. To sebou přináší nutnost změnit přístup k nakládání s dešťovými vodami. Současný způsob nakládání s dešťovými vodami je zaměřen především na ochranu nemovitostí před záplavami. Dosavadní způsob odvádění dešťových vod ohrožuje stav vodních toků a vodních zdrojů. Důsledným uplatněním moderních trendů odvodnění urbanizovaných území, jehož zásady jsou v příspěvku diskutovány, lze minimalizovat odtok dešťové vody do kanalizace a výrazně eliminovat problémy spojené s odváděním dešťových vod.
Belica P., Michniaková B., Drahovská D., Lábska I., Šumná J. (SK)
Záväzky SR v sektore verejných kanalizácií – skutočnosť a požiadavky (nedodáno do sborníku)
Brtník Z., Habánek P., Letko J., Švadlenka V., Táborský L. (CZ, SK
Porovnání ČOV s oběhovou aktivací v konfiguraci s primární sedimentací a bez primární sedimentace
Operation data of two WWTPs (designed capacity 30,000 PE) with carousel activated sludge process has been discussed. „Hranice WWTP” with primary sedimentation and with anaerobic digestion of sludge has been compared with “Trenčín Right Bank WWTP” without primary sedimentation and with psychrofilic aerobic stabilization of sludge. Both WWTPs are similarly loaded and both achieve excellent effluent parameters. Some of the results were expected but some of them are quite surprising. The system with primary sedimentation demonstrates very low specific electric power consumption and low consumption of organic flocculants. The system without primary sedimentation enables higher nitrogen removal efficiency, however, the specific electric power consumption is higher. Surprisingly, the WWTP without anaerobic digestion showed lower specific production of sludge.
Fuka J., Kos M., Blahák J. (CZ)
Zdroje vzduchu velkých ČOV – unikátní výměna turbodmychadel na ÚČOV Praha
The paper presents practical implications for the utilization of different types of the big capacity compressors (blowers) within a reconstruction of blower stations of large WWTP. On an example of the replacement of the blowers at the largest Czech WWTP - Central wastewater treatment plant of Prague at the Císařský Island, is explained philosophy of the reconstruction of big blower stations. The half-yearly operation after implementation showed that the chosen solution with multistage centrifugal blowers is able to fulfil all strict requirements.
Baudišová D., Benáková A., Kučera J. (CZ)
Mikrobiologické analýzy odpadních vod a eliminace mikrobiálního znečištění biologickým čištěním
Microbial pollution of surface water is considerable. Most of the rivers are unsatisfactory in term of requirement for water quality according to law ruling of Czech Republic and EU. The main sources of microbial pollution in Czech Republic are municipal polluting sources, namely point sources (including effluents of wastewater treatment plants) and diffused sources. Up to now monitoring of treatment efficiency were oriented on chemical data. Nowadays with regards to growing requirements to environmental role of microbial data in this field is gaining ground. In Water Research Institute we have been investigated the elimination of microbial pollution during biological treatment of wastewaters since 2003. Although the efficiency of microbial pollution by treatment in wastewater treatment plants reaches up to 99% of primary microorganisms number in effluents from WWTPs these numbers are relatively high and significantly contribute to microbial pollution of surface rivers. Subject of this paper is the presentation our results relating taking of samples for microbial analysis (evaluating of instability of sample’s heterogeneity for microbial analysis), presentation of method for wastewater analysis (including analysis in terrain) and evaluation of results of microbial analysis in different effluents from WWTPs).
Srb M., Wanner J., Pečenka M., Kočárník M., Vejmelková D., Kollár M., Matuška P. (CZ)
Aplikace on-line měření na ČOV Žatec – cesta k efektivnějšímu odstraňování dusíkatého znečištění
The Žatec waste water treatment plant (WWTP) is a biological waste water treatment plant operating two carousel activated sludge process tanks with intermittent aeration. The WWTP capacity is 33 000 population equivalent. The WWTP has been reconstructed until July 2006 but even after reconstruction its effluent values of total nitrogen concentrations has not been sufficient. The average total nitrogen concentration in effluent has been 12,6 mg/l and efficiency of the nitrogen removal has been 78,3%. The “p” effluent standard value has been broken twice in 5 months and the “m” value once. To deal with these problems the intensive monitoring campaign was started on January 2007. The WWTP was equipped with on-line measurements of pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) and nitrate ions concentration in activated sludge process tanks (NITRATAX direct photometric determination in-situ). The on-line measurements were supplemented with 24 hours sampling of influent and effluent, laboratory kinetic tests, respirometric tests and microscopic determination of activated sludge properties. After the preliminary campaign we have decided to apply new system of intermittent aeration control. In this system switching on and off of the aeration is based on nitrate ions concentration in aerated tank. First aeration is switched on and nitrification is proceeding providing more nitrate ions. After determined level of nitrate ions concentration (here 7 mg/l) is reached the blowers are switched of. Afterwards denitrification process lowers nitrate ions concentration to determined level (here 4,5 mg/l) and the aeration is switched on again. This control system is very simple and easy to apply and it provides stabile concentration of nitrate ions in effluent. After the new control of the intermittent aeration has been applied the effluent concentration of nitrate ions became stabile. The total nitrogen concentration in effluent decreased on 7,6 mg/l (average value from 2 moths data). The efficiency of nitrogen removal increased from 78,3% to 86,2%. This efficiency provides stabile performance of WWTP witch guarantees fulfilling of the effluent standards. The last research task was to decrease energy costs on aeration by lowering the DO level in aerated tanks. The decrease from 2,5 mg/l to 2,0 mg/l has minimal influence on energy costs. It have some negative influence on nitrifying bacteria population determined by FISH but without causing technological problems with ammonia removal. To conclude we could say that the performance of Žatec WWTP was increased on by improvement of measurement and control system without any construction work or machinery improvement. That control system change provides maximal effect with minimal investments and running costs.
Blšťáková A., Dančová L., Pagáčová P., Bodík I., Drtil M. (SK)
Skúsenosti s využitím g-fázy ako externého substrátu pre denitrifikáciu
Denitrification efficiency was measured in biodiesel production waste water to determine if the glycerine phase (g-phase) could serve as a denitrification substrate. Under long-term laboratory conditions, g-phase addition resulted in increased denitrification efficiency, similar to the improved efficiency that results from adding additional carbon sources. The measurements showed more efficient denitrification explicitly due to g-phase addition. Other benefits documented include only limited sludge interference with denitrification processes and little or no negative impact to the entire waste water treatment process.
2. DEN, 19. ZÁŘÍ 2007, SPECIALIZOVANÉ SEKCE – HALA B
Východiská pre použitie online analyzátorov jednotlivých foriem dusíka pre riadenie procesov ČOV
The application of online analyzers individual forms of nitrogen, used as an input for online control of WWTP’s seems to be a simple change in a set of controllers. However, this change in kind of sensor used for active control can open further possibilities in more effective nutrients removal. The original form of process control has the objective to achieve a steady state of the process. Actually, a new form of process control has been tested with objectives to achieve determined rules. The operation system can dynamically change specific rules depending on inlet conditions. Rule-based control in connection with a good quality sensor, can more effectively control processes of nitrification and denitrification and more effectively use existing organic substrate. In the article are described practical experiences with application of rule-based control on the example of WWTP in Žatec. Thanks to applied changes in the monitoring and control system, the process was able effectively react on changes in load and stabilize parameters on the outlet.
Vzorkování odtoku z čistíren s přerušovaným provozem
Detailed measurements of three different Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) outflows were carried out. It was found out that the water quality during one discharge phase is variable, namely due to the escaping sludge at the beginning and/or the end of the discharge phase which manifests in increased values of suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In case of one monitored SBR, there was repeatedly recorded an unstable ammonia concentration (during the discharge phase the concentration was rising up). Since the N-NH4+ concentration is being analysed in filtered samples, it is obvious that the parameter is not influenced by the escaping sludge. Discharge values were confronted with samples taken from a water-level of the reactor at the end of the sedimentation phase - under common conditions, there were not found any differencies. By measurement of a couple of consecutive sub-samples during the discharge, there were found differencies in the escaping sludge amount as well as in ammonia concentrations. On the basis of these measurements, it was proved that in case of the smallest wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) it is possible to accept sampling from the water-level of the reactor at the end of the sedimentation phase or from a sampling object adjacent to the discharge (a pit or a hung container). It is desirable to eye-check if there is no sludge escape obvious during the discharge phase. For the WWTP, where the Czech law regulations demand the 2-hours composit samples is appropriate to sample during one whole discharge phase by means of separate sub-samples. At WWTP with a higher capacity than 2000 p.e., where 24-hours composit samples shall be taken, is necessary to gain the composit sample by mixing sub-samples from every single discharge phase during the 24 hours.
Matematické modelování nekonvenčních procesů biologického čištění odpadních vod
This paper summarizes examples of mathematical modelling of non-conventional processes, which are used for biological wastewater treatment. Three practical applications demonstrate, that mathematical modelling computation methods can be very effectively used not only for design and optimisation of conventionally based e.g. D-N systems, but there is a lot of possibilities for successful application to other biological processes. Three non-conventional processes are described from the point of view of modelling approach and practical model application at real plants: (1) deep-shaft process, (2) biological trickling filter, and (3) hybrid moving bed biofilm system (MBBR) - combined biofilm attached biomass and suspended activated sludge. Theoretical part is extended with examples of real projects carried out by the AQUA-CONTACT Company and completed with real data from WWTPs.
Pokorná E., Postelmans N., Jeníček P., Reggers G., Carleer R., Schreurs S., Yperman J. (CZ, B)
Flash pyrolysis of sewage sludge
Pyrolysis to produce bio-oil from sewage sludge is a promising way, to not only improve the economical value, but also to reduce pollutants associated with sludge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of oil from 3 types of sludges from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Prague and Pardubice, namely thickened excessive activated sludge (secondary sludge), digested and special treated dried secondary sludge (WWTP Pardubice). The flash pyrolysis was performed in a semi-continuous reactor. The operating temperature was 500°C. The maximum oil yield was achieved with secondary sludge.
Chudoba P., Rosenbergová R. (CZ)
Využití obnovitelných zdrojů energie v čistírenství – příklad solární sušárny kalů Solia®
Solar drying is an environmentally-friendly process using the renewable energy provided by the sun. Solar drying process is based on bringing a renewed air supply in a glasshouse into contact with (digested) sludge, which is placed in a heap and regularly returned. By such a drying, sludge dry solids content up to 90 % can be reached within one week of drying during summer period. In winter period, without any external heat support, only partial dry solids content of approx. 70 % can be reached. Under central European conditions, solar drying technology can be improved by an external heating, provided by cogeneration of biogas from parallel methanization reactor. By this upgrading, solar drying technology can be applied even at larger WWTP. Several references of solar drying technology Solia are already existing in France, and some other projects are currently under preparation in central Europe.
Buček B., Dědek K., Sojka J. (CZ)
Využití čistírenských kalů pro výrobu směsných zeminových substrátů (nedodáno do sborníku)
Švehla P., Jeníček P., Zábranská J. Dohányos M., Habart J. (CZ)
Technologické varianty odděleného čištění kalové vody postupem nitritace/denitritace
New biological methods of separate reject water treatment became progressive tools to optimization of nutrient removal in wastewater treatment plants. The method of nitritation and denitritation is one of them. The nitritation/denitritation process can be carried out in several technological variations. It is possible to operate the nitritation and denitritation in the same reactor or in two independent systems. The flow of reject water in the nitritation/denitritation system can be continual or semicontinual in SBR. The basic technological alternatives of nitritation/denitritation system operation was tested in laboratory scale. The laboratory tests proved that the nitritation/denitritation process is very promissing method for separate treatment of the waste water with extremely high concentration of ammonia.
Možnosti minimalizace sulfanu v bioplynu a vliv mikroaerace na anaerobní suspenzní kulturu
Introduction of a limited amount of oxygen to anaerobic bioreactors is one of possible methods to reduce sulphide in the biogas. This paper aimed at determining the effect of O2 on the anaerobic suspended mesophilic culture under three different substrate conditions: 1) organic substrate free a sulphur compounds free conditions, 2) minimum concentration of sulphur compounds with organic substrate and 3) high concentration of sulphur compounds with organic substrate. In comparison with literature, no negative effect of oxygen on methanogenic activity was observed during incubation under substrate and sulphur free conditions. The low decrease of methanogenic activity was observed under organic substrate conditions without sulphur compounds. But the total gas production was not influenced in this case. The positive influence of oxygen on hydrogen sulphide minimization was observed even thought dose of oxygen was not sufficient.
Foller J., Jelínek J., Miklánková J. (CZ)
Hygienizace a stabilizace čistírenských kalů čistým kyslíkem – zkušenosti z ročního provozu ČOV Tetčice
Processing – stabilization and hygienization of excess slude from all types of modern, especially low-rate, biological waste water treatment plants, on the level of rigid hygienic requirements of valid legislation is in Czech Republic and the most advanced Europe Union Member States essential technological operation. This has to be solved by projectant during the design of new or construction of existing older waste water treatment plants. For WWTP with capacity from 3000 up to 35000 EI is economical advantageous the technological solution of sludge management with using of complex unit OSS - oxyterm sludge system®. This fully automatic unit utilizes such a one of the possibilities for sludge stabilization and hygienization the process of autothermic aerobic thermophilic aerobic sludge stabilization with the use of pure oxygen. This report deals with evaluation of the first year of uninterrupted and stabile operation of the sludge management on WWTP in Tetčice with projected capacity 15000 EI, where was installed the OSS - oxyterm sludge system® unit in three- tower lay-out, such as pilot project and the first building of this type in Czech Republic and in Europe Union.
2. DEN, 19. ZÁŘÍ 2007, SPECIALIZOVANÉ SEKCE – HALA C
Chorvátová M., Dvořáková M., Pečenka M., Růžičková I. (CZ)
Provoz malé ČOV s membránovou separací aktivovaného kalu
In the framework of this project the overall performance of a Membrane BioReactor (MBR) for municipal wastewater treatment was studied. The objective was to operate a model with membrane separation of activated sludge and to monitor its behaviour under the given technological and cultivation conditions. The pilot scale plant (MBR) for 4 – 8 PE was used. Membrane module was formed by flat sheet membranes submerged into the nitrification part and served as the separation of the effluent from the activated sludge. The operation was aimed at monitoring the activated sludge during its increasing concentration and the effluent quality (treatment efficiency) in dependence on influent parameters. The model could be operated at higher concentrations of activated sludge and thus at lower loading. By using membrane technology for separation of activated sludge, an effluent of high quality was obtained both as for the monitored chemical parameters and as for the microbiological indicators. The results from the 4th, 5th and 6th phase of the model operation are summarized in this article. The results from the first three phases were presented at previous conferences.
Klepárník V., Valenta J., Svoboda J. (CZ)
Konstruování kruhových nádrží pro komunální ČOV
1. Sewage treatment, general principle 2. Process of design circular municipal sewage treatment plants 3. Main mechanical parts of primary and secondary settlers 4. Design of selected mechanical parts with stress analyses and 3D models 5. Structural work connection and mechanical equipment
Horecký P., Mouroux P. (CZ, F)
MBR – applications on the food industry wastewaters
Current situation in the world’s water resources management generated by a rise of general lack of drinking water sources leads to the strict discharge standards as well as to the call for water reuse. Under these circumstances the MBR technology is more profitable in the wastewater treatment. This new phenomena has been already recognized by industrial sector. The presented study shows two cases of successful MBR industrial application in France. Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies has designed and constructed BIOSEPTM MBR systems for more than 25 industrial applications. The installations presented here are on the pig slaughterhouse wastewater and vegetable processing wastewater. Cooperl plant in Lamballe (Bretagne) is a pig slaughterhouse producing 2 tons of COD/day in a flow of 1050 m3/day of wastewater. Efficient solution of customer’s requirements for water reuse with 2 different water qualities and minimum space availability was a design and construction of BIOSEPTM MBR system followed by a reverse osmosis treatment. The whole wastewater treatment plant consists of buffering, DAF pretreatment, BIOSEPTM MBR, reverse osmosis and sludge treatment line and it was commissioned in 2003. The BIOSEPTM effluent and reverse osmosis effluent is collected separately for the different purposes for water reuse in the slaughterhouse plant. Final water quality is represented by concentration of COD less than 10 mg/l and BOD as well as TSS under detection limits.
Hartig K., Šilhavý P., Tichý V. (CZ)
Návrh, realizace a vyhodnocení zkušebního provozu ČOV Toyota Kolín
Project documentation of WWTP for industrial zone Kolin Ovčáry was designed on the base input parameters presented by Japanese investor. Existing input parameters of industrial wastewater are lover in comparison between design and existing input parameters. WWTP investment cost was paid by Czech republic as foreign investors stimulus. Only one activation and secondary sedimentation tank are in operation by reason low flow and wastewater pollution. WWTP effluent quality is in conformity with standards.
Malá J., Malý J., Široký P., Šamal O. (CZ)
Odpadní voda z výroby bionafty jako alternativní zdroj uhlíku při odstraňování dusíku z kalové vody
The conditions of the biological nitrogen removal from the sludge liquor arising during the anaerobic sludge digestion were studied at the pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Wastewater from the biodiesel production was used as a denitrification substance and pH controller. The specific nitrification- and denitrification rates depend on the loads of MLVSS with the nitrogen available for nitrification or denitrification, res. These correlations are linear min. up to 400 mg.g-1.d-1 of Bxo(N-nitr) and Bxo(N-den), res. The efficiency of N-kj and NT removal is over 90 % at optimal conditions. Raised concentrations of non-dissociated ammonia (over 10 mg.l-1N-NH3) and nitrates (over 100 mg.l-1 N-NO2) inhibit the nitrification process. Nitrites inhibit the denitrification, too. Good denitrification efficiency can be achieved also at under-stoichiometric dose of biodiesel waste (1 to 2 mg/mg), because the denitrification runs also in oxic phase of the process.
Drtil M., Blšťáková A., Pagáčová P., Galbová K. (SK)
Laboratórne overenie čistenia odpadových vôd z výroby želatiny
Results from laboratory modelling of gelatine wastewater treatment are introduced (wastewater from production of gelatine from pork, beaf and fish skin). Wastewater was treated mechanically (screens, neutralisation, sedimentation and flotation) and biologically in activation with pre-denitrification / nitrification, P addition and with simultaneous aerobic sludge digestion (decisive parameters of activation were: Bv = 0,9–1,25 kg COD / m3.d; total recirculation ratio = 8 – 11; sludge retention time = 25 days). It was proved that treated wastewater fulfilled legislative demands (COD = 250 mg/l, BOD5 = 25 mg/l, Extractable compounds = 10 mg/l, NH4-N = 10 mg/l, Ntotal = 30 mg/l, Ptotal = 3 mg/l). Primary sludge from sedimentation is degradable under anaerobic conditions.
Rusník I., Rudolfová R., Husák P. (CZ)
ČOV Krucemburk po optimalizaci
Wastewater both from leather-processing factory and from the municipality was treated in the WWTP Krucemburk. If the production has finished in the factory, the volumes of the tanks were excess. The main goal of the project was reduction of the tank volumes and the technological process renovation. The capacity of the WWTP has been reduce from 25.000 PE on 4.000 PE. The results of the wastewater treatment have improved especially in the indicators of BOD, COD, Nkj and Pt. The electricity consumption has decreased for one-half of former quantity.
Šťastný V., Pospíšilová E., Schönbauerová L. (CZ)
Ověřování vlivu aplikace drtičů kuchyňských odpadů na provoz a funkci ČOV
Usage of kitchen garbage disposer as wastewater sources is being widely discussed. By reasons of sewerages clogging, WWTP organics overloading, generation of high amount of organic sludge at WWTP which ought to be disposed under anaerobic conditions, etc. - their usage is refused by sewer system and wastewater treatment plant operators. In years of 2005 - 2006, a number of compliance tests was carried out in the T.G. Masaryk Water Researche Institute. These pilot-scale tests were focused at a domestic WWTP operation testing whereas the WWTP was dosed by the crushed kitchen garbage. The results were compared with an efficiency results from the same domestic WWTP gained within a previous long-term monitoring on behalf of the Standard of CSN EN 12566-3 testing. The article describes the monitoring, as well as submissions and summary concerning the influence of a small WWTP by kitchen garbage disposers usage. A part of the paper is devoted to an crushed kitchen garbage composition assessment.
Plotěný K., Holba M., Solvi I. (CZ, N)
SFT filtr – jako základ nového uspořádání ČOV
Thorough mechanical pretreatment doesn’t have to lead to the deterioration of the treatment processes and outlet parameters at the wastewater treatment plant. If the basic principles are kept then the using of novel technologies can enhance the treatment processes, conversely. Moreover, the energy budget will be reduced. These technologies are very popular in the northern Europe recently. The SFT Filter is the solution for the effective pretreatment. SFT Filter can consistently remove more than 50 % SS and 20 % BOD5 as required by Europian Union for mechanical pretreatment. To achieve high removal efficiencies it is crucial to operate the sieves with filter mat. The filter mat makes technology different from recently used technologies (rotating belt, rotating disc, rotating drum, stationary) for mechanical treatment. SFT Filter has also another two advantages. It can thicken the surplus sludge for ca. 5 – 7 % and the integrated dewatering unit can dewater sludge for 25 – 35 % of TS.
VÍTĚZNÉ POSTERY
Dvořáková M., Chorvátová M., Bindzar J., Pečenka M., Růžičková I., Kalivodová E.
Porovnání provozu dvou modelů s použitým odlišným typem membrány v aktivaci
Two models with different type of submerged membrane and in different conditions were investigated. First of the operated pilot scale plant was fit with hollow fiber membranes and was located at wastewater treatment plant at Roztoky near Prague. The second one which was situated at CWWTP Prague used as a filtration instrument flat sheet membranes.
Beránková D., Brtníková H., Kupec J., Mlejnková H., Huzlík J.
Znečištění srážkových vod odtékajících z dálniční sítě
This presentation brings short information about results of research project dealing with the quality and quantity of rainfall-runoff conditions of D1 highway in The Czech Republic in the period 2005 – 2007. Results of contents of PAHs, heavy metals, chloride and performed ecotoxicity testing in run-off are given.
Porovnání čisticího účinku zemního filtru a kořenové čistírny
Submitted article is focused on a wastewater treatment efficiency comparison between a groundfilter (GF) and a constructed wetland (CW) in one particular village populated by 140 inhabitants where one half of the produced wastewater is led into the groundfilter and the other part into the costructed wetland. Monitoring results show that in the reed bed (CW) dominate anaerobic conditions. This fact leads to a very effective reduction of nitrates and nitrites in wastewater. On the other hand, transformation of ammonia nitrogen does not occur at all. Removal of suspended solids was more effective in CW in comparison to GF. The GF was more effective in term of organics removal (average COD removal efficiency was 94 % and 84 % for GF and CW, respectively). In GF is evident a process of nitrification (ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was 79 %).
Wernerová J., Ďurišová J., Hokrová L., Růžičková I., Pečenka M.
Vliv dezintegrace vláknitých struktur na sedimentační vlastnosti aktivovaného kalu
This paper deals with ultrasonic disintegration of bulking sludge in order to improve the settling properties of activated sludge. Sludge disintegration can be one of feasible methods leading to control excessive growth of filamentous microorganism at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and enhance the effect of activated sludge separation from treated wastewater in secondary settling tanks. Several lab-scale tests with samples of activated sludge obtained from three various municipal WWTPs were carried out. The samples of activated sludge with a high content of filamentous bacteria with Microthrix parvicella as the dominating type, were sonicated on laboratory ultrasonic disintegrator at the frequency of 20 kHz and power level 180 W. The effect of sonication was evaluated by microscopic analysis and by settling experiments. Settling experiments proved that sonication markedly reduced the sludge volume index and the reduction increased with increased duration of treatment.
Bezděková E., Říhová Ambrožová J.
Způsoby izolace DNA pomocí PCR z čistírenských kalů
During the process of waste water treatment we encounter sludges at all stages. Sludges are unavoidable products in the treatment of waste waters accounting for 1 – 2 % of total volume of water being purified and have up to 50 – 80 % of original contamination concentrated in their mass. Sludges are suspensions of solids and compound colloid substances that were originally present in the waste waters or were formed during various methods of waste water treatment. The sludges contain mixed cultures of microorganisms and may also contain pathogenic microorganisms. From this reason they are classified as dangerous wastes according to Waste Act no. 185/2001 Coll. A good knowledge of microbial population can bring us a series of benefits, e.g. for determining optimum conditions in biological disposal of sulphurous contamination, in nitrogen removal, in disposing sludge (according to Regulation no. 382/2001 Coll.) The present trend is to use molecular biologic methods (PCR, FISH, TGGE, DGGE) for rapid and reliable identification of microorganisms. The molecular biologic methods are very promising, more precise and quick to perform and they are suitable for processing of large series of samples. The subject of this paper is the use of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) as one of the molecular biologic methods for identifying microorganisms.
Vejmelková D., Stryjová H., Benáková A., Wanner J.
Identifikace nitrifikačních bakterií v aktivovaném kalu
Nitrification plays a key role in the biological removal of nitrogen in activated sludge systems. The failure of wastewater treatment plants to establish stable nitrification is generally attributed to the slow growth of nitrifying bacteria and their high sensitivity to many environmental factors. Correct identification and quantification of nitrifiers is important for better understanding of the microbiology and ecology of whole community of activated sludge. Identification of nitrifying bacteria is possible by cultivation techniques or by some culture-independent molecular methods. In this study cultivation technique MPN (most probable number) and FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) are compared.